:root{
  --paper:#F5F8F9; --ink:#15222E; --muted:#56646F; --rule:#D5DEE3;
  --water:#0B6E78; --water-soft:#DCECEE; --surface:#FFFFFF;
  --serif:"Spectral",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --sans:"Public Sans",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){
  :root{--paper:#0F1920;--ink:#E4ECEF;--muted:#9AAAB4;--rule:#26353F;--water:#5CC3CC;--water-soft:#16323A;--surface:#15222B;}
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.65}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
a{color:var(--water);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}
a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--water);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:0;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:.5rem 1rem}
.skip:focus{left:1rem}
.wrap{max-width:46rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.25rem}

/* header */ 
.site-head{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.site-head .wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem 1.5rem;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;max-width:none;padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}
.brand{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.3rem;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:-.02em}
nav ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25rem 1.1rem;font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-size:.95rem}
nav a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;padding:.15rem 0;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}
nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
nav a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--water)}

/* hero */
.hero{padding:3rem 0 1rem;display:grid;grid-template-columns:11rem 1fr;gap:2rem;align-items:start}
.portrait{margin:0;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:6px;aspect-ratio:4/5;display:flex;align-items:center;overflow:hidden}
.portrait img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3rem);line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0 0 .6rem;font-weight:600}
.role{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 1.2rem;line-height:1.5}
.tagline{font-style:italic;font-size:1.35rem;margin:0;color:var(--ink)}

/* the signature: a wave travelling down a pipe, echoing off a blockage */
.pipe{margin:1.75rem 0 0;width:100%;height:auto;color:var(--water)}
.pipe .wall{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5;fill:none;opacity:.55}
.pipe .wave{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2;fill:none;stroke-linecap:round}
.pipe .echo{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.5;fill:none;opacity:.45;stroke-dasharray:3 5}
.pipe .draw{stroke-dasharray:1200;stroke-dashoffset:1200;animation:draw 2.6s ease-out .3s forwards}
.pipe .late{opacity:0;animation:fade .9s ease-out 2.5s forwards}
@keyframes draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0}}
@keyframes fade{to{opacity:.45}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.pipe .draw{animation:none;stroke-dashoffset:0}.pipe .late{animation:none;opacity:.45}}

/* content */
main{padding-bottom:3rem} 
section{margin-top:2.75rem}
h2{font-size:1.6rem;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:0 0 1rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}
h3{font-size:1.15rem;margin:1.75rem 0 .5rem;font-weight:600}
.page-title{font-size:clamp(2rem,4.5vw,2.6rem);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:2.75rem 0 .5rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.1}
.lede{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 1rem;max-width:38rem}
p{margin:0 0 1rem}
.keywords{font-size:1rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* dated lists (news, talks, cv) */
.dated{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.dated li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:8.5rem 1fr;gap:1rem;padding:.85rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.dated li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.when{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);padding-top:.25rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.dated strong{font-weight:600}
.dated .sub{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:1rem}
.dated ul{margin:.4rem 0 0;padding-left:1.1rem;font-size:1rem}
.status{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;background:var(--water-soft);color:var(--ink);padding:.1rem .45rem;border-radius:3px;margin-left:.35rem;vertical-align:.1em;white-space:nowrap}

/* publications */
.pubs{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
.pubs li{padding:1rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.pubs li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.pubs .title{font-weight:600;display:block}
.pubs .meta{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:1rem}

/* projects */
.project{padding:1.25rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.project:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.project h3{margin:0 0 .25rem}
.project .when{display:block;padding:0;margin-bottom:.5rem}
.project p{margin:0 0 .5rem}

.button{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);text-decoration:none;padding:.6rem 1rem;border-radius:4px;margin-top:.5rem}
.button:hover{background:var(--water);color:#fff}
.empty{background:var(--surface);border:1px dashed var(--rule);border-radius:6px;padding:1.5rem;color:var(--muted)}
.chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}
.chips li{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--surface);padding:.25rem .65rem;border-radius:3px}
.more{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem}

/* footer */
.site-foot{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:2rem 0 2.5rem;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);text-align:center}
.site-foot ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.25rem;justify-content:center}
.site-foot p{margin:0}

@media (max-width:640px){
  body{font-size:1.05rem} 
  .hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem;padding-top:2rem}
  .portrait{max-width:10rem}
  .dated li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.15rem}
}
 
.social{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;font-size:1.25rem;margin-right:auto}
.social a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.social a:hover{color:var(--water)} 

/* home intro */
.intro{padding:3rem 0 0}
.intro h1{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(2.0rem,4vw,2.2rem);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0 0 .75rem}
.intro .role{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 1.25rem}
.intro .tagline{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-size:1.4rem;color:var(--water);margin:0}

/* photo beside the bio */
.about::after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}
.about .portrait{float:left;width:12rem;margin:.35rem 1.75rem 1rem 0;border:none;box-shadow:.6rem .6rem 0 var(--water-soft)}
.about .portrait img{object-fit:cover}
@media (max-width:640px){.about .portrait{float:none;width:10rem;margin:0 0 1.25rem}}


.divider{border:0;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);margin:2rem 0 0}

.about .portrait img{object-fit:cover}

.intro .role a{text-decoration:none}
.intro .role a:hover{text-decoration:underline}

:root{--line:2px solid var(--ink)}
.divider{border:0;border-top:var(--line);margin:2rem 0 0}
.intro .tagline{display:block}
.intro .tagline::before{content:"";display:block;border-top:var(--line);margin-bottom:.75rem}

/* pipe drawing: repeat the animation */
.pipe .draw{animation:draw-loop 5s ease-in-out infinite}
.pipe .late{animation:fade-loop 5s ease-in-out infinite}
@keyframes draw-loop{
  0%{stroke-dashoffset:1200;opacity:1}
  45%{stroke-dashoffset:0;opacity:1}
  85%{stroke-dashoffset:0;opacity:1}
  100%{stroke-dashoffset:0;opacity:0}
}
@keyframes fade-loop{
  0%,40%{opacity:0}
  55%,85%{opacity:.45}
  100%{opacity:0}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .pipe .draw{animation:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;opacity:1}
  .pipe .late{animation:none;opacity:.45}
}

.hero-video{display:block;width:100%;max-height:22rem;object-fit:contain;margin:1.75rem auto 0}

/* video panel with caption */
.showcase{margin:1.75rem 0 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr;gap:1.5rem;align-items:center;background:#E0EDF0;border-radius:10px;padding:1.5rem}
.showcase .hero-video{margin:0;width:100%;max-height:18rem}
.showcase figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink)}
.showcase figcaption strong{display:block;font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-size:1.15rem;margin-bottom:.4rem}
@media (max-width:640px){.showcase{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

.about p a{text-decoration:none}
.about p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}

.about .chips{margin:1.25rem 0 .5rem}

/* keyword tags */
.chips{gap:.6rem}
.chips li{background:var(--water-soft);color:var(--water);border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:.4rem 1rem;font-weight:500;font-size:.9rem}

.more{margin-top:1rem}
.dated a{text-decoration:none}
.dated a:hover{text-decoration:underline}

/* contact form */
.contact-form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1.1rem 1.25rem;max-width:38rem;margin:1.75rem 0 1rem;padding:1.75rem;background:var(--water-soft);border-radius:10px}
.contact-form .field{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.4rem}
.contact-form .full{grid-column:1/-1}
.contact-form label{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:500}
.contact-form input,.contact-form textarea{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:1rem;padding:.7rem .85rem;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:6px;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink)}
.contact-form textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:9rem}
.contact-form input:focus,.contact-form textarea:focus{outline:2px solid var(--water);outline-offset:1px;border-color:var(--water)}
.contact-form button{grid-column:1/-1;justify-self:start;border:0;cursor:pointer;margin-top:.25rem}


main p a{text-decoration:none}
main p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.form-foot .button{margin-left:auto}

/* contact form: card style */
.contact-form{background:#E0EDF0;border:0;border-radius:14px;padding:2rem;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(21,34,46,.07)}
.form-head h2{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-size:1.6rem;margin:0 0 .3rem}
.form-head p{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 .25rem}
.contact-form .req{color:var(--water)}
.contact-form input::placeholder,.contact-form textarea::placeholder{color:var(--muted);opacity:.7}
.form-foot{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;margin-top:.5rem}
.form-foot p{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.form-foot .button{margin:0 0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;padding:.75rem 1.4rem}
.page-title{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.025em}

/* details inside dated items (e.g. thesis lines) */
.dated ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.35rem 0 0}
.dated ul li{display:block;padding:0;border:0;color:var(--muted)}
.dated ul li:last-child{border:0}

/* skills section */
.skills h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);margin:1.5rem 0 .6rem}
.skills .level{font-weight:400;opacity:.7;margin-left:.35rem}

.skills .level::before{content:"("}
.skills .level::after{content:")"}

/* research page */
.research-card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-left:4px solid var(--water);border-radius:10px;padding:1.5rem 1.75rem;margin-top:1.25rem}
.research-card h3{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-size:1.3rem;margin:0 0 .25rem}
.research-card .tag{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--water);margin:0 0 .9rem}
.research-card dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:7rem 1fr;gap:.4rem 1rem;margin:1.1rem 0 0;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9rem}
.research-card dt{color:var(--muted)}
.research-card dd{margin:0}
.research-card a,.pubs a{text-decoration:none}
.research-card a:hover,.pubs a:hover{text-decoration:underline}

/* research page: quick-jump bar */
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
main section[id]{scroll-margin-top:1.5rem}
.jump{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem;margin:1.5rem 0 .5rem}
.jump a{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--water);text-decoration:none;padding:.45rem 1rem;border:1.5px solid var(--water);border-radius:999px}
.jump a:hover{background:var(--water);color:#fff}

/* research page: project cards */
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(18rem,1fr));gap:1.5rem;margin-top:1.25rem}
.cards.wide{width:min(72rem,calc(100vw - 2.5rem));position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%)}
.card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(21,34,46,.06);transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 16px 36px rgba(21,34,46,.1)}
.card-media{aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#E0EDF0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden}
.card-media img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.card-media video{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}
.card-media i{font-size:2.75rem;color:var(--water)}
.card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.65rem;flex:1;padding:1.3rem 1.4rem 1.4rem}
.card-body p{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55}
.card-meta{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8rem !important;font-weight:600;color:var(--water)}
.card h3{font-family:"Bricolage Grotesque",sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;margin:0}
.card .note{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem !important;color:var(--muted)}
.card .note a{text-decoration:none}
.card .chips li{font-size:.78rem;padding:.25rem .7rem}
.card-link{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.4rem;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--water);text-decoration:none}
.card-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.card{transition:none}.card:hover{transform:none}html{scroll-behavior:auto}}

@media (max-width:640px){.research-card{padding:1.25rem}.research-card dl{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.1rem}.research-card dd{margin-bottom:.5rem}}

@media (max-width:640px){.contact-form{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:1.25rem}}


/* photo gallery */
.gallery{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(14rem,1fr));gap:1.25rem;margin-top:1rem}
.gallery figure{margin:0}
.gallery img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;border-radius:8px;display:block}
.gallery figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.5rem}

.card-media img.pixel{image-rendering:pixelated}

/* card with several links */
.card-links{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.4rem;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.9rem}
.card-links .card-link{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}
.icon-link{color:var(--muted);font-size:1.15rem;text-decoration:none}
.icon-link:hover{color:var(--water)}

/* Tall (phone) video thumbnails: show the whole frame */
.card-media.portrait {
  background: var(--ink);
}

.card-media.portrait img {
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* Keep the Watch-on buttons free of underlines */
.card .watch .watch-btn,
.card .watch .watch-btn:hover,
.card .watch .watch-btn:focus-visible {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.thesis-figure img {
    width: 44%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.thesis-figure {
    background: #1f2933;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.thesis-figure img {
    width: auto;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

/* Two images that take turns (thesis card) */
.card-media.slideshow {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Visitors who turn off animations in their settings see only the first image */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .card-media.slideshow img + img {
    animation: none;
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

/* Slideshow: images take turns, 2 seconds each */
.card-media.slideshow {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.card-media.slideshow img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  opacity: 0;
  animation: slide-show 10s infinite;
}

.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 2s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 4s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 6s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 8s; }

@keyframes slide-show {
  0%   { opacity: 0; }
  4%   { opacity: 1; }
  20%  { opacity: 1; }
  24%  { opacity: 0; }
  100% { opacity: 0; }
}

/* Visitors who turn off animations see only the first image */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .card-media.slideshow img { animation: none; }
  .card-media.slideshow img:first-child { opacity: 1; }
}

.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 2s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 4s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 6s; }

@keyframes slide-show {
  0%   { opacity: 0; }
  4%   { opacity: 1; }
  25%  { opacity: 1; }
  29%  { opacity: 0; }
  100% { opacity: 0; }
}


/* Ten-image slideshow (paper card): 20 seconds, 2 seconds per image */
.card-media.slideshow.ten img {
  animation-name: slide-show-ten;
  animation-duration: 20s;
}

.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(5)  { animation-delay: 8s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(6)  { animation-delay: 10s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(7)  { animation-delay: 12s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(8)  { animation-delay: 14s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(9)  { animation-delay: 16s; }
.card-media.slideshow img:nth-child(10) { animation-delay: 18s; }

@keyframes slide-show-ten {
  0%   { opacity: 0; }
  2%   { opacity: 1; }
  10%  { opacity: 1; }
  12%  { opacity: 0; }
  100% { opacity: 0; }
}

/* Current research: compact outline items */
.outline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.outline-item {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--water);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.4rem;
}

.outline-item h3 {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem;
}

.outline-item p {
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
}

.outline-item .chips {
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0;
}

/* Video panel: always dark text on the light panel, in light and dark mode */
.showcase,
.showcase * {
  color: #15222E !important;
}


/* Grouped conference series (e.g. Finnish Inverse Days) */
.series {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 0.9rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--water);
}

.series li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0;
  border: none;
}

.series-when {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}